Let $\sigma:[a,b] \to \mathbb{R}$ be a strictly increasing function. We seek a function $f:[a,b] \to \mathbb{R}$ such that:
- $f$ is unbounded on $[a,b]$,
- $f$ is Riemann-Stieltjes integrable with respect to $\sigma$, i.e., $\int_a^b f\,d\sigma$ exists.
Attempts & Thoughts:
If $\sigma(x) = x$, the problem reduces to ordinary Riemann integration, where unbounded functions are not integrable. Thus, $\sigma$ must be more carefully chosen.
A plausible idea is to choose $\sigma$ such that it "neutralizes" the singularities of $f$. For instance, if $f$ has a singularity at some point, say $c \in [a,b]$, and $\sigma$ is constant in a neighborhood of $c$ (or grows very slowly), then the contribution of $f$ near $c$ to the Riemann-Stieltjes integral may still be finite.
Thus, the intuition is to balance the blow-up of $f$ with the flatness (or slowness) of $\sigma$.