Here is an analysis problem I'm stuck on:
Let $f\in C^0([0,1])$ with $f(0)=0$ and $f$ increasing and convex. Define: $$ f_n(x) = n\big[f(x)-f(x-\tfrac{1}{n})\big] $$ Show:
- $f(1-\tfrac{1}{n})\le\int_0^1f_n(x)\ dx\le f(1)$
- There is a $g$ with $f_n(x)\rightarrow g(x)$ almost everywhere
- $\int_0^1 g(x)\ dx = f(1)$
I've been able to do part 1, and I believe I can do part 2. The idea is that convexity implies $f_n(x)\ge f_m(x)$ when $n\ge m$ [I call this pointwise monotonicity below], and I use that to show $\{f_n\}$ is a Cauchy sequence in $L^1([0,1])$. There is thus a $g\in L^1([0,1])$ with $f_n\rightarrow g$ almost everywhere, and the pointwise monotonicity implies this is pointwise convergence too.
Part 3 is straightforward, except for one wrinkle: I can't seem to show $g$ is Riemann integrable. It seems like the following should be generally true, but I cannot prove it:
If $\{f_n\}$ is a pointwise monotonic sequence of continuous functions, converging to $g\in L^1([0,1])$, then $g$ is continuous almost everywhere.
Is this true? Or do I need to use more about this particular sequence of my original problem?