Let $f$ be a field, $A\in Mat_{n,n}(f)$ s.t. $A$ is not decomposable. I want to show (directly!) that the characteristic polynomial $p_A$ of $A$ is equal to the minimal polynomial $m_A$ of $A$.
$A$ is decomposable $\Leftrightarrow\exists V,W: f^n=V \oplus W$ with $V$ and $W$ are $A$-invariant and nonzero.
$V$ subspace of $f^n$ is $A$-invariant $\Leftrightarrow A(V)\subset V$