First of all, here is a related question asked: What exactly is a 'predictable process'?
My question is, why $X_t$ is measurable with respect to $\mathcal{F}_{t-1}$ the same as the value of $X_t$ is known at $t-1$ ?
A similar question can be asked about an adapted process.
Let's focus on discrete processes for the moment.
Thank you very much.