Path
Your general path for Thunderbird seems correct:
%appdata%\thunderbird\profiles\[profile-name]
This should be currently valid for both Windows 7 and Windows 10.
Be aware that [profile-name] (above) and %yourprofile% (from the second question linked) are merely place holders in this context. You will generally have to substitute in the actual Thunderbird profile name (e.g. something like 0b7zdi0x.default).
Note, however, %appdata% is a real, correct Windows system variable (so you can include it as-is).
Files
I can't speak to the accuracy of either link, unfortunately (i.e. if this is exactly what you want) but from casual observation:
The first link is correct in that none of the listed files/folders exist by default.
The files from the second link do exist in the location specified (including %appdata%\thunderbird\profiles\[profile-name]\prefs.js).
That said, prefs.js is an automatically updated file apparently based on about:config settings and is at least partially overwritten by Thunderbird regularly. It also has some unique values depending on the preference entry. So it's probably better for reading (rather than setting) preferences.