- If you want to install
CUDA 8.0 with Visual Studio 2017 you need to install additional components for Visual Studio 2017.
Click on the Start Menu and type Visual Studio Installer. Open Visual Studio Installer
Open Individual components tab and select VC++ 2015.3 v140 toolset
under Compilers, build tools and runtimes.

- You also need to install
.NET Framework 3.5 if you didn't have it installed.
Nvda.Build.CudaTasks.v8.0.dll assembly dependents on MS .NET Framework 3.5.
Open Classical Control Panel, go to Programs and features
and press Turn Windows features on or off. Check .NET Framework 3.5 and press OK.

- Download full
CUDA toolkit distribution and extract it somewhere on your disk.
- If you didn't have
CUDA toolkit installed, do it now. If you have only Visual Studio 2017 installed, unselect Visual Studio integration checkbox.
Now you want to receive the "No supported version of the visual studio was found" error.
But in order to successfully build Cuda toolkit projects in Visual Studio 2017, you also need to follow steps 5 and 6.
- Go to the
CUDAVisualStudioIntegration\extras\visual_studio_integration\MSBuildExtensions
folder in your extracted distribution, copy all the files and paste them to
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v4.0\v140\BuildCustomizations:

- In the last step, you will need to edit your
Cuda projects to recognize NVidia's build tasks from Visual Studio 2017. Open your .vcxproj file in a text editor and find all occurrences of CUDA 8.0.props. Replace the macro at the beginning of the string with $(VCTargetsPath14) so that XML snippet would look as follows:
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath14)\BuildCustomizations\CUDA 8.0.props" /></ImportGroup>
Don't forget to edit the custom targets path at the end of the file:
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath14)\BuildCustomizations\CUDA 8.0.targets" /></ImportGroup>
Make sure to double check your path conifuration!
If you use nvcc from command prompt you might not be calling cl.exe from Visual Studio folder!
Now you can build your Cuda project from Visual Studio 2017.
Parts of this solution are from Oleg Tarasov blog.