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Context: I am working on a conjectured inequality involving Hausdorff measures, and this a specific case that I believe would help solve the general case.

Fix $n\in\mathbb{N}$. For any $m\in\mathbb{N}$ and for positive real numbers $\{\gamma_j^i\}$, with $j=1,\dots,n$ and $i=1,\dots,m$, is the following true? $$\sum_{i=1}^m \prod_{j=1}^n \gamma_j^i \le \prod_{k=1}^n \left( \sum_{i=1}^m \left(\frac{1}{\gamma_k^i} \prod_{j=1}^n \gamma_j^i \right) \right)^{\frac{1}{n-1}} $$

For clarity note that $\gamma_j^i$ is just another notation for $\gamma_{i,j}.$

I have heuristic reasons to suspect it is in fact true, but wasn't able to prove it. I tried rewriting the inequality as follows:

$$\left( \sum_{i=1}^m \prod_{j=1}^n \gamma_j^i \right)^{n-1} \le \prod_{k=1}^n \sum_{i=1}^m \prod_{\substack{j=1 \\ j\neq k}}^n \gamma_j^i $$ and then analyzing the terms that arise when expanding the power in the l.h.s., but found nothing.

I also tried to use induction in the first formulation of the inequality. The case $m=1$ is trivial, but then it comes down to

\begin{align*} \sum_{i=1}^m \prod_{j=1}^n \gamma_j^i & = \sum_{i=1}^{m-1} \prod_{j=1}^n \gamma_j^i + \prod_{j=1}^n\gamma_j^m \\ & \le \prod_{k=1}^n \left( \sum_{i=1}^{m-1} \left(\frac{1}{\gamma_k^i} \prod_{j=1}^n \gamma_j^i \right) \right)^{\frac{1}{n-1}} + \prod_{j=1}^n\gamma_j^m \\ \end{align*} which got me stuck.

Another approach: raising both sides of the original inequality to $\frac1n$ results in a geometric mean on the r.h.s.. However, using the HM-GM inequality is not the correct path, since the inequality is not true when replacing the geometric mean with the harmonic one.

Finally, notice that, at least in the case where $\gamma_j^i=\gamma$ for each $i$ and $j$, the inequality reduces to $1\le m^{\frac{1}{n-1}}$, which is true since $m\ge 1$. Another solved case is when $m=2$ and $n=3$, which can be found here. In this specific case, the inequality is proven to be strict, and I believe it to always be this way, unless $m=1$.

EDIT: As @Noctis pointed out in the comments, it is not restrictive to assume that $\gamma_j^i\in(0,1)$ for every $i$ and $j$, reducing the space of possible combinations.

Any help would be greatly appreciated, thank you.

Zima
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    These inequalities are somewhat reminiscent of those in pp. 77-90 of Mitrinovic's Analytic Inequalities book from Springer. In the other direction, have you looked for counterexamples via random search? – kodlu Jun 14 '25 at 09:31
  • @kodlu I am trying to understand the material in your reference, thank you. In addition, my counterexample search was extremely poor, I only studied two or three random cases. Maybe a computerised search over more cases would find a counterexample fairly easily, if there is one. – Zima Jun 14 '25 at 09:49
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    using $\gamma \rightarrow a\gamma$ leaves the inequality invariant, so at least we can restrict any numerics to the $(0,1)$ range (i.e. divide by the largest $\gamma$). I simulated a few million runs for various $n,m$, but so far it seems to hold (although it can get really close; e.g. I found $1-\frac{\text{LHS}}{\text{RHS}} < 10^{-9}$ for $n=m=8$) – Noctis Jun 14 '25 at 11:33
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    I have clarified your notation, comments can get deleted and they were comments on a deleted answer. I must say the notation is off-putting, since a lot of people think in terms of arrays via subscripts, but it's up to you if you do not change it. – kodlu Jun 14 '25 at 22:06
  • @kodlu I won't change It since I think It Is easier to understand what Is going on this way. Reading the body of the question carefully clarifies any doubt. Also, I dont understand the closing votes... – Zima Jun 14 '25 at 22:46

1 Answers1

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Problem : $$\text{LHS}=\sum_{i=1}^m \prod_{j=1}^n \gamma_j^i \le \prod_{k=1}^n \left( \sum_{i=1}^m \left(\frac{1}{\gamma_k^i} \prod_{j=1}^n \gamma_j^i \right) \right)^{\frac{1}{n-1}}=\text{RHS}$$ Let $$\beta^i_k=\left(\frac{1}{\gamma_k^i} \prod_{j=1}^n \gamma_j^i\right)^\frac{1}{n-1}\implies \prod_{j=1}^n \gamma_j^i=\prod_{j=1}^n \beta_j^i \tag{1}$$ We have $$\text{RHS}=\prod_{k=1}^n \left( \sum_{i=1}^m (\beta_k^i)^{n-1} \right)^{\frac{1}{n-1}}=\prod_{k=1}^n\|\beta_k\|_{n-1}\ge\|\beta_1\cdot\cdot\cdot\beta_n\|_{1-\frac{1}{n}}$$ Note that by Generalized Hölder's inequality:
For $q_1,..,q_n,r>0$ where $\sum_{k=1}^n\frac{1}{q_n}=\frac{1}{r}$ $$\|f_1\cdot\cdot\cdot f_n\|_r\le\|f_1\|_{q_1}\cdot\cdot\cdot\|f_n\|_{q_n}$$ So let $\forall k,q_k=n-1$ implies we need to set $r=1-\frac{1}{n}$ for the inequality to hold true. Now substituting $(1)$ into $\text{LHS}$, we have $$\text{LHS}=\|\beta_1\cdot\cdot\cdot\beta_n\|_1\le\|\beta_1\cdot\cdot\cdot\beta_n\|_{1-\frac{1}{n}}\le\text{RHS} \ \ \square$$ Clarification:
$\beta_j^i,\gamma_j^i$ are numbers indexed with $i,j$
$\beta_k:=(\beta_k^1,..,\beta_k^m);\beta_1\cdot\cdot\cdot\beta_k:=(\beta_1^1\cdot\cdot\cdot\beta_k^1,..,\beta_1^m\cdot\cdot\cdot\beta_k^m)$

References
[1] Hölder's inequality for multiple functions
[2] Monotonicity of $\|x\|_p$

kodlu
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Quý Nhân
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  • @Zima, ok give me some time... I'll come back to do that. – Quý Nhân Jun 15 '25 at 06:47
  • Well, you got an answer with even worse notation. I don't understand the answer either. Hopefully it will be clarified. – kodlu Jun 15 '25 at 21:35
  • @kodlu Can you tell me exactly where I should clarify? It looks understandable to me but I don't know how others think. – Quý Nhân Jun 15 '25 at 21:37
  • I don't understand what the "component by component" product means neither does the OP. You didn't clarify how you used holder. On the site we like the answers to be self-contained. – kodlu Jun 16 '25 at 05:31
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    @kodlu I hope it is okay now. Sorry if my proof is not self-contained, that's the best I've got. – Quý Nhân Jun 16 '25 at 06:08
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    I mean I could use better notation instead of $\beta_k^i$ but OP's notation is already confusing (and it confused me a lot ngl), so I think I would write an answer with that notation assuming double confusions annihilate. Quite a mistake from me but it had been done. – Quý Nhân Jun 16 '25 at 06:34
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    Thank you for your answer. Personally, I have always used such notation, but I can understand why it may be confusing at first glance. What I do not understand are the down-votes and the closing votes... It seems a reasonable question to me, I think closing votes and down-votes are now used a lot as a "I don't like you" statement. By the way, thank you again for the clarification. – Zima Jun 16 '25 at 09:58
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    @Zima more specifically, there is a fervent group of users here that dislikes any question with an olympiad type flavor. These are the same people who race to answer mindless calculus I, II questions for the karma and yet do not see the hypocrisy in that. – dezdichado Jun 16 '25 at 17:06