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Dummit and Foote -

Let $p$ and $q$ be primes with $p < q$. Prove that a non-abelian group $G$ of order $pq$ has a non normal subgroup of index $q$, so that there exists an injective homomorphism into $S_q$. Deduce that $G$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of the normalizer in $S_q$ of the cyclic group generated by the $q$-cycle $(1\ 2\ \dots\ q)$.

I've gotten as far as to see that $(1\ 2\ \dots\ q)$ is in this subgroup. And I'm blanking thereafter.

Attempt :

$q$ being the larger prime, any subgroup of order $q$ is normal and hall. A normal hall subgroup is unique. $Z(G)$ is $1$ or non abelian is contradicted. The class equation for $G$ is $1 + p + q(\dots)$. If a subgroup of index $q$ is normal, it would again be hall and then unique, contradicting $pq = 1 + p + q(\dots)$.

Let this be $H \le G$ of index $q$. $G$ acting on the cosets of $H$ has kernel the largest normal subgroup of $H$. Since $H$ not normal, and $|H|$ prime, the kernel is $1$ and $G/1 = G \cong$ a subgroup of $S_q$.

The generator $k$ of the unique normal subgroup of size $q$ cycles the cosets $1H, kH, \dots$ so the left regular presentation of $G$ has the cycle $(12\dots q)$ in it.

I'm stuck, can't see further. Pls help.

Shaun
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  • The index $q$ subgroup is a Sylow $p$-subgroup. Conjugation action on it gives an injective map into $S_q$, as you already mentioned. You get a $q$-cycle in the image, as you already mentioned. Now, just remember that the Sylow $q$-subgroup of $G$ is normal... – Steve D Jan 30 '25 at 15:57
  • I should have mentioned, the sylow theorems come later in the text and I don't know them either. However I see the $q$ subgroup is normal (first argument), since it's the subgroup with the smallest prime index.

    Where do I go from here? I still can't see a solution.

    – froggiecroaks Jan 30 '25 at 16:15
  • Wow I blanked hard. G normalizes the normal subgroup – froggiecroaks Jan 31 '25 at 02:30

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