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Here's the Problem (Its an NZMO $2019$ question):

An equilateral triangle is partitioned into smaller equilateral triangular pieces. Prove that two of the pieces are the same size.

As well as being a pretty weird Olympiad question to grasp the meaning of, I also do not know how to finish this question.

Here is my beginning:

Based on the information on the question, we can logically state that there are only $3$ types of vertex for the equilateral triangle.

$•$ Type $A:$ incident with only $2$ edges at $60°$.

$•$ Type $B :$ incident with exactly $4$ edges at angles $60°, 60, 60°, 180°$

$•$ Type $C :$ incident with exactly $6$ edges forming $6$, $60°$ angles.

There can be no other types of vertex, because all the angles must be $60°$ or $180°$ or $300°$ in the corners of the original large triangle.

I have only so far been able to solve this question up to here. If anybody could help me to finish this question, I would appreciate it. Thank you very much.

Edit: I would like the proof to be different from the one Beni Bogosel suggested for another similar question (it is on Math Stack Exchange too): Dissecting an equilateral triangle into equilateral triangles of pairwise different sizes

Beni suggests that proceeding in a recursive way:

"The triangle $A_1B_1C_1$ and find one smallest triangle pointing downwards with side contained in $B_1C_1$ $...$ this triangle has two neighbor triangles and one of them is smaller, which we denote by $A_2B_2C_2$, and so on $...$ continue this procedure indefinitely because all the triangle sides are different."

This is the last question (Q$5$ of an invitational paper) and they began it in my way above. I would like some to continue with this solution (obviously not their approach as I don't really understand it). Thanks.

Tnol
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  • Make a cut parallel to the base (of any size). The remaining trapezium can then be cut into equilateral triangles. The two on the corners must have the same size. – Red Five Aug 18 '24 at 03:44
  • @RedFive Unless there are multiple small triangles along each leg of the trapezium. – peterwhy Aug 18 '24 at 03:57
  • Even then there would be two of the same size in order to completely tile the trapezium. Proving it of course is quite a different matter. – Red Five Aug 18 '24 at 04:27
  • It was Q5 on the Round 2 paper, so they were not expecting a simple solution... – Red Five Aug 18 '24 at 04:29
  • @peterwhy I have edited it. Does this help? Thanks. – Tnol Aug 18 '24 at 04:36
  • @RedFive Indeed, also the one on the duplicate question seems a little too simple for a solution. – Tnol Aug 18 '24 at 04:36

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