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Definition: Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a Lie algebra. A universal enveloping algebra of $\mathfrak{g}$ is a pair $(\mathfrak{U},i)$ consisting of a unital associative algebra $\mathfrak{U}$ and a Lie morphism $i: \mathfrak{g} \rightarrow \mathfrak{U}_L$ satisfying the following universal property:

for every pair $(\sigma, \mathcal{A})$ consisting of a unital associative algebra $\mathcal{A}$ and a Lie algebra morphism $\sigma: \mathfrak{g} \rightarrow \mathcal{A}_L$ there exists a unique unital algebra morphism $\tilde{\sigma}: \mathfrak{U} \rightarrow \mathcal{A}$ such that $\tilde{\sigma} \circ i= \sigma$.

In this definition appears $\mathcal{A}_L$ that is the associated Lie algebra of the unital associative algebra $\mathcal{A}$, but i don't understand how $\mathcal{A}_L$ is constructed from $\mathcal{A}$. Is there anyone who can explain it to me?

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For any associative algebra $A$, its "associated Lie algebra" $A_L$ is the same set, and even vector space, as $A$, with the Lie bracket $[a,b] := ab-ba$. Cf. https://math.stackexchange.com/a/4245451/96384