I had this weird thought that should be not too difficult, but I can't seem to resolve. So, we know that $-\Delta$ is positive and self-adjoint on $H^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$, which implies that all of its eigenvalues have to be nonnegative real number(s).
However, as I try to think of what its eigenfunctions can be, I can't seem to find any in $H^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$. Simplest case in $d=1$ suggests that only possible eigenfunctions are $e^{i\lambda x}$, which can't even make it into $L^2(\mathbb{R})$. If I'm not mistaken, the eigenfunctions in other dimensions would also be $e^{i \overrightarrow{a} \cdot x}$ although I'm not sure if these are exhaustive, but they are also not even in $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$, let alone $H^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$.
So, are there ANY eigenfunctions of $-\Delta$ in $H^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$? Or is it the case that $\Delta$ does not have any eigenvalues, as the self-adjointness simply implies if it has any, they should be nonnegative.