In Smith's book about Godel's Theorems a proof is given of incompleteness of Robinson Arithmetic. It's done by producing a special interpretation of the theory:
- Domain is $N^* = N \cup \{a,b\}$, a and b are "rogue elements"
- Sum $+^*$ as follows: $$ a +^* n = a, n \in N \\ b +^* n = b, n \in N \\ x +^* a = b, x \in N^* \\ x +^* b = a, x \in N^* $$
- From this he concludes $0 +^* a \neq a$. How is this reached?
Thanks for any guidance.