Is there a known upper bound of the form $a^n$ on the number of unlabelled oriented trees with $n$ vertices?
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Yes: the Catalan numbers count unlabeled ordered trees with $n$ vertices (where an ordered tree is an oriented tree in which the order of the children of a node matters) and therefore the $n^{\text{th}}$ Catalan number $C_n$ is an upper bound on the number of unlabeled oriented trees. But $C_n = \frac1{n+1}\binom{2n}{n} \le 4^n$.
Misha Lavrov
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