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On a Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$, there always exists local orthonormal frame $\{E_i\}$ with respect to the metric $g$. But there does not necessarily exist orthonormal coordinate frame $\{ \frac{\partial}{\partial x^i} \}$ in a small neighborhood around a point $p$, where $\{x^i:U \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ } are coordinate maps.

My question is the follow: instead of local orthonormal coordinate frame, is it possible to find local orthogonal coordinate frame? i.e. with respect to some coordinate system, the metric g can be written locally as $$g= g_{ii} {dx^{i}}dx^i$$

For surface, I know this is true because of something stronger, the existence of isothermal coordinate. I wonder whether this is possible for higher dimension.

Dai
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  • Isn't this just a rescaling? It seems to me if you could do this, you could just multiply by some diagonal matrix which would make it orthonormal in that region. – A. Thomas Yerger Jan 29 '18 at 04:54
  • There are local coordinates $(x^1,\dots,x^n)$ so that $\partial/\partial x^i$ are orthonormal (or orthogonal of any fixed lengths) if and only if the manifold is flat (zero sectional curvature) and hence locally isometric to $\Bbb R^n$. – Ted Shifrin Jan 29 '18 at 06:39

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