For proving this isomorphism I have tried some things. It seems to be solvable with the Chinese Remainder theorem (for rings). For this I'm trying to show that $$\{q(X^3-X)\ |\ q \in \mathbb{Q}[X] \} =:(X^3+X) = I \cdot J$$ with $I$ and $J$ being relatively prime ideals.
If $I$ were to be $(X)$ and $J$ equal to $(X^2+1)$ this theorem would imply that $$\mathbb{Q}[X]/(X^3+X) \cong \mathbb{Q}[X] \times \mathbb{Q}/(X^2+1).$$ And at last I'd use that $\mathbb{Q}[X]/(X-0) \cong \mathbb{Q} $. But how to write $(X^3+X) = I \cdot J$ formally? Or am I on a totally wrong track anyway?