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Let $X$ and $Y$ be norm spaces, and let $T:X\to Y$ be a linear transformation which is continuous under weak convergence.

That is, if $\forall x^\star\in X^\star:x^\star x_n\to x^\star x $ then $\forall y^\star \in Y^\star:y^\star Tx_n \to y^\star Tx$.

Prove that $T$ is continuous under norm convergence.

That is, if $\|x_n\|\to\|x\|$ then $\|Tx_n\|\to\|Tx\|$.

Any hints would be most welcomed.

TIA, Shai

Shai Deshe
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  • See also http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/5795/weak-sequential-continuity-of-linear-operators –  Jan 13 '12 at 20:09

1 Answers1

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Suppose that $T$ is not continuous under norm convergence. Then there is a sequence $\{x_n\}$ such that $$ \Vert x_n\Vert\le 1,\quad \text { and }\quad\Vert T(x_n)\Vert \ge n^2 \quad\text{ for each }n.

$$ (there is a sequence $z_n$ of non-zero vectors in $X$ converging in norm to $0$ for which $\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty} \Vert Tz_n\Vert\ne 0$. Then ${z_n/\Vert z_n\Vert}$ is in the unit ball of $X$ and ${T( z_n/\Vert z_n)\Vert}$ is unbounded).

Now $\Vert x_n/n \Vert\rightarrow 0$, and thus $y^* (x_n/n)\rightarrow0$ for each $y^*\in Y^*$. Since $T$ is assumed to be continuous under weak convergence, $$y^*T(x_n/n)\rightarrow 0\quad, \text{ for any }y^*\in Y^*. $$

But then, it follows from the Uniform Boundedness Principle$^\dagger$ that $\{T(x_n/n)\}$ is norm bounded.

However, $\Vert T(x_n/n)\Vert\ge n$ for each $n$.

$^\dagger$ We consider $\{Tx_n :n=1,2,\ldots\}$ as a subset of $Y^{**}$. That is we consider $Tx_n$ as a continuous linear functional on $Y^*$ (which is a Banach space). The $Tx_n$ are pointwise bounded, and, thus, norm bounded in $Y^{**}$. But the norms of the $Tx_n$ in $Y^{**}$ are the same as the norms in $Y$.
David Mitra
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