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This is my first modular arithmetic proof so I'm checking to see if it works:

To begin, I want to show that this is true: \begin{align*} 2^{20}-1 \equiv 0 \pmod{41} \\ 2^{20} \equiv 1 \pmod{41} \end{align*}

Now, I note this congruence with the power of $2$ and then do the identity "if $a \equiv b \pmod n$ then $a^k \equiv b^k \pmod n$" \begin{align*} 2^5 \equiv -9 \pmod{41} \\ \left(2^5\right)^4 \equiv (-9)^4 \pmod{41} \end{align*}

Now, I note another congruence with the power of $-9$: \begin{align*} (-9)^2 \equiv -1 \pmod{41} \\ (-9)^4 \equiv 1 \pmod{41} \end{align*}

I can put these together because ``if $a \equiv b \pmod n$ and $b \equiv c \pmod n$, then $a \equiv c \pmod n$" \begin{align*} 2^{20} \equiv (-9)^4 \pmod{41} \\ \equiv 1 \pmod{41} \end{align*} And I get what I wanted to show that was true.

Although this is different than the book, I think this is still correct? At least, I think I'm following the basic properties correctly.

Bill Dubuque
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Ally
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    Yes, your proof is correct. You have computed $2^{20} \pmod{41}$ efficiently using a method similar to exponentiation by squaring. By the way, your question title should read "$41$ divides $2^{20} - 1$". – Tob Ernack Sep 24 '24 at 02:02
  • @TobErnack I fixed the title. And "nice" in how this is correct. Thanks – Ally Sep 24 '24 at 02:05
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    You might get interested in Euler's criterion; also $2^7=128\equiv5\bmod41$ and $2^3=8$ so $2^{10}\equiv40\equiv-1\bmod41$ – J. W. Tanner Sep 24 '24 at 02:10
  • For a solution-verification question to be on topic you must specify precisely which step in the proof you question, and why so. This site is not meant to be used as a proof checking machine. – Bill Dubuque Sep 24 '24 at 02:34
  • i.e. $\ (2^5)^4 \equiv (-3^2)^4 \equiv (3^4)^2 \equiv (-1)^2\equiv 1 \ \ $ – Bill Dubuque Sep 24 '24 at 02:45

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