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Below is an image of the family of 2D curves for reference. The image is arbitrary. Still trying to formulate a concise question.

I know that the geodesics for flat Euclidean Space are straight lines. But I want to take these curves and try to work backwards to determine the geometry of the manifold that results from these geodesic paths going across it. I can't really visualise the manifold because there's a lot going on. So how would I build up a representation of the manifold that matches up with these curves running across it? What would the steps be to calculate the metric of this space? Is there enough information given by the geodesics to provide a good representation of the manifold? Any other interesting questions you could ask about this graph? What topological information could I learn from these geodesics?

Edit:

If the projection of geodesics from a 2-manifold to the plane were realized below, the 2-manifold would look basically like a 2-sphere right? Does this give any insight as to what the 3-manifold could be?

Edit 2/27/2020:

Partially related: Geometry of transformed spacetimes?, Mapping modular flow to a subspace of $\Bbb R^2.$ Are the same knots produced?, Stability of a combination of two real analytic manifolds.

My desmos code as a more complete version of the diagram below: https://www.desmos.com/calculator/hbiwqpyxzm.

The reason that the posts are related is because the curves below are a symmetrical representations of lines of constant time in a Minkowski diagram mapped via the map $g.$ These curves are not geodesics in Minkowski space. They are hyperbolic curves mapped to the unit square. So hopefully more is clarified than last time I edited this post.

Edit 3/4/2020:

Further clarification:

One could perform revolutions on each "component," of the diagram (below), and then project the "geodesic lines" of some 3-manifold onto this 2-manifold to build up a representation of the 3-manifold. One would have to prove that the lines on the 3-manifold are indeed geodesics.

I feel there needs to be a sort of transitive/sequential map that connects the planar family of 2D curves to a 2-manifold (above it) and a 3-manifold (above that) s.t. the orthographic projection from the 3-manifold yields the 2-manifold and likewise, the orthographic projection of the 2-manifold yields the planar 2D curves.

By a single "component," I mean the space of functions $\ln(x)\ln(y)=s,$ for $\Re(s)>0. $ Note that it is necessary (for my purposes) to only use Euclidean transformations after performing the nonlinear map $g$ described below. First, $g$ acts to "warp" the geometry (needs proof), but gives a way to map this back to the foliation of hyperbolas using a simple change of coordinates. In essence I am, $1)$ warping the geometry and then $2)$ taking a union of these warped components, and next $3)$ configuring them systematically in $(0,1)^2.$ I wish to extend to the case of $(0,1)^3$ but I'm not sure how to do this and what invariants, structural conditions and other conditions I need. Once $(0,1)^3$ is complete, this question should find an answer.

I think it will be helpful and important for others to understand the origin of this question, and the process I took. I first considered rectangular hyperbolas foliating the plane and then mapped the structure via the nonlinear map $g:=(x,y)\mapsto (e^x,e^y).$ Then I took the sub component in $(0,1)^2$ and performed reflections to situate $4$ components in $(0,1)^2.$ The reason for this is to build up a bounded representation of the original foliation of rectangular hyperbolas in $\Bbb R^2.$ (see image above). I would like to consider the boundary of the square to be compact in the topological sense and view the union of the components in $(0,1)^2$ as being bounded by a compact space.

ConstructBacwards

  • "Project" in what sense? From $(x,y,z)$ to $(x,y)$? – mr_e_man May 27 '18 at 22:28
  • Yeah let's go with that – J. Zimmerman May 27 '18 at 22:33
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    Geodesics' curvature/acceleration vector is always perpendicular to the surface. So you can try to visualize the surface in 3D from this 2D picture by having its normal vector point in the same general direction as the geodesics' curvature. I don't think that's enough information, though. – mr_e_man May 27 '18 at 22:39
  • How did you get these curves? Is the pictured plane supposed to be the $(u,v)$ plane, for some coordinate system on the surface? That's different from orthogonal projection. – mr_e_man May 27 '18 at 22:42
  • Yes the curves are on an x-y plane – J. Zimmerman May 27 '18 at 22:43
  • Construct a vector field from the geodesics' curvature ($d^2\vec x/ds^2$, with $\vec x=(x,y)$, and arclength $ds=\lVert d\vec x\rVert=\sqrt{dx^2+dy^2}$), and make another picture. You could use the magnitude of each vector as a lighting value; that may actually be a good picture of looking down on the surface. (Or it may not; an apparent straight line may be curving vertically.) – mr_e_man May 27 '18 at 22:54
  • Given x(u,v),y(u,v) parametric plot equations find z(u,v) so that the three coordinates define a surface and corresponding geodesics on the surface... Is the problem statement correct? Else.. is the equation y=f(x) given ? Else thirdly you want to give only a projection as above and nothing else, OK? – Narasimham May 30 '18 at 01:44
  • Yeah that's correct. I'm using a function in terms of a variable x and parameter s. Each curve is a function with a different parameter value. Ive also done some reflections which is why it's so symmetric. Could I put the z-axis in the very center of the image at (1/2,1/2) and project it upwards – J. Zimmerman May 30 '18 at 02:34
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    Only a hunch this.. geodesics on a minimal surface film formed between two pipes cutting orthogonally may produce such geodesics. The geodesics around minimum radii should be tangential to a common circle of the pipe. – Narasimham May 30 '18 at 09:42
  • @Narasimham yes I will update this post as soon as I can – J. Zimmerman Feb 27 '20 at 21:50

1 Answers1

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Define a multi-foliated system on $X=[0,1]^n$. A multi-foliated system is essentially a system of foliations, which may intersect. One notable special case of a multi-foliated system is a foliational completion.

Let $X$ be a smooth, open, geodesically convex $n$-dimensional manifold with regular polytope boundary, and let $V = \{v_i\}$ be a finite set of vertices in $\partial X$. A block is defined as $\mathcal{B} := X \cup \partial X$, where $\partial X$ denotes a boundary.

A foliational completion or $\mathcal{F}$-completion of a block $\mathcal{B}$ is a geometrical structure obtained by extending foliations to accumulate at specific vertices in the boundary. Formally, for each pair of distinct vertices $(v_i, v_j) \in V \times V$, there exists a foliation $\mathcal{F}_{v_{ij}}$, whose leaves accumulate at $v_i$ and $v_j$. The $\mathcal{F}$-completion is the union of these foliations $$ \mathscr{C}X_V := \bigcup_{(v_i, v_j) \in V \times V} \mathcal{F}_{v_{ij}}. $$ Each foliation satisfies the condition $$ \lim_{p \to \partial X} L^{ij}_\alpha(p) = \{v_i, v_j\}, $$ where $L^{ij}_\alpha$ is a leaf in $\mathcal{F}_{v_{ij}}$.

By definition $\mathscr CX_V$ does not care which pairs of vertices are chosen so we'll assign a specific distance between vertices

$$ \sup \operatorname{dist}_n(v_i, v_j) = \sqrt{r}, $$

which can take on the following values: $r=\lbrace1,2,3,\cdots,n \rbrace$. Here we'll focus on the case $\max(r)=n$ giving us

$$ \sup \operatorname{dist}_n(v_i, v_j) = \sqrt{\max(r)}. $$

I'll work with codimension one foliations and I'll assume that the leaves $L^{ij}_{\alpha}$ are mutually diffeomorphic to the class

$$ \mathscr L = (0,\sqrt{n})\times {\mathbf S}^{n-2}. $$

Rigidify the $L^{ij}_{\alpha}$ by imposing them to be surfaces of revolution with constant sectional curvature (which automatically implies constant positive sectional curvature). Call these surfaces $S_\beta.$ There are infinitely many of these leaves however there are precisely $2^{n-1}$ with maximized volume. Define $\mathcal I_n$ to be the union of the $2^{n-1}$ denoted $S^*_{\beta}$

$$\mathcal I_{n}=\bigcup_{\beta=1}^{2^{n-1}} S^*_{\beta} $$

If we choose a generator $G_{\beta}$ for each $S^*_{\beta}$ surface and consider the set of all possible generators on each surface we get codimension (totally geodesic) foliations of the surfaces resp. denoted $\mathcal J_{\gamma}$ for $\gamma=1,2,...,2^{n-1}$.

Then we consider the projection set $[\mathcal P_{\gamma}]_n: [J_{\gamma}]_n\to (0,1)^{n-1}$ (which can be done onto any boundary face). These projections map down to one lower dimension.

Therefore $[\mathcal P_{\gamma}]_n$ achieves the desired sequential orthographic projections in any dimension.