I would maybe recommend some classical literature on quantum groups. I have in particular two books in mind:
Christian Kassel: Quantum groups
Anatoli Klimyk, Konrad Schmüdgen: Quantum Groups and Their Representations
Kassel brings quite detailed overview over both the Lie group $SL(2)$ as well as the Lie algebra ${\frak sl}(2)$ and then describes in detail the duality between $U({\frak sl}(2))$ and $SL(2)$ in section V.7.
Klimyk–Schmüdgen describes this duality for a general Lie group $G$ and its Lie algebra $\frak g$ (although quite briefly) in Sections 1.2.5–1.2.6.
In order to bring yet another source, it is maybe worth reading also the book of Timmermann, where he describes duality of Hopf algebras in Section 1.4 and in particular discusses Lie groups and Lie algebras in Example 1.4.7.
Now as for the quantum group case, both Kassel and Klimyk–Schmüdgen study in detail the quantum groups $SL_q(2)$ and $U_q({\frak sl}(2))$ and then describe their duality (Kassel in §§VII.4–VII.5, Kl–Sch in §4.4).
Applications of Tannaka–Krein duality for quantum groups is the main focus of my research, but to be honest, I am not sure how is this related to this kind of duality. (But maybe it is. Could you maybe provide a link for the wiki article?)