Is there an example of a finite dimensional local ring $(A,m)$ (maybe Noetherian, preferably not too far away from a ring that would arise when studying algebraic varieties) with a prime ideal $P \subset A$ that cannot be extended to a maximal chain of primes?
As user26857 points out, a cleaner way to ask what I want is:
For a Noetherian local ring $A$, is it true that for every prime $P \subset A$ we have $\operatorname{ht}P+\dim A/P=\dim A$? (Or at least for a finite dimensional ring $A$, not necessarily Noetherian.)
I know of an example when the locality is dropped: $\operatorname{Spec} k[x]_{(x)}[t]$ and the prime $P = (tx - 1)$. I don't see how to profitably localize this example to get an example of what I want. For varieties I know that this cannot happen.